Waveform Replacement

Several techniques are used for more-demanding restorations, depending on the type/duration of damage and where it occurs in your recording.  We use the following techniques:

bulletComputed Waveform Replacement:  This (algorithm) method analyzes audio material surrounding the defect at selectable durations, and creates a synchronized replacement based upon the selected sample of surrounding material.  This technique is best where the defect occurs inside a passage of homogenous material (for example, during a sustain).
bulletSpectral Editing:  This method is useful for dampening or removing sounds that are fairly constant in nature, such as narrow-band impact noises, coughs, bumps, etc.  The noise is identified and selected in a frequency spectrum, and removed using FFT (Fast-Fourier-Transform) sharp-knee filters.
bulletHand Waveform Replacement:  This is used where undamaged material that is closely-identical to the damaged material exists elsewhere in a recording.  The duplicated material replaces the defect, and its "ends" are re-linked at zero-crossings at the head and tail.  The lengths of replaced and replacing material are precisely equal.  This method is useful for defects in complex material.

A typical spectral editing screenshot of waveform replacement is here.